Polyneuropathies
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare acute autoimmune polyradiculopathy, with an approximate incidence of 1–2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, which usually appears after infections, most commonly respiratory or gastrointestinal. From both a clinical and pathophysiological point of view, several types are recognised, mainly the demyelinating form (AIDP, the most common in Europe) and axonal forms (AMAN and AMSAN), as well as Miller Fisher syndrome. The characteristic clinical picture consists of progressive, symmetrical and ascending muscle weakness, areflexia or hyporeflexia, with possible mild sensory involvement. The course is usually monophasic, with a progression phase lasting days to weeks, followed by a plateau and then a recovery phase that may last for months. For this reason, specific rehabilitation is essential in order to achieve the greatest possible recovery.
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving both motor and non-motor changes, which makes a comprehensive rehabilitation approach essential from the early stages. In this context, balance training is a priority in order to reduce the risk of falls, as is gait training aimed at improving speed, step length and the automaticity of walking. In addition, muscle strengthening helps to counter secondary weakness and improve overall function. Alongside these motor aspects, it is also crucial to include cognitive training, particularly focused on executive and attentional functions. This combined approach, based on task-oriented practice, helps to optimise functional ability and promote independence in activities of daily living.